Surrealism is an artistic and literary movement that emerged in the early 20th century. It is characterized by a focus on the subconscious mind, dreams, and the irrational. Surrealist artists often used techniques such as collage, photomontage, and automatic drawing to create works that were meant to challenge conventional ideas about reality and the nature of art. Some of the most famous surrealists include Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte, and Max Ernst. The movement had a significant impact on modern art, and its influence can still be seen in contemporary art today.