Academic art refers to a style of art that was taught and promoted by art academies in Europe and the United States from the 17th century until the 20th century. The style was characterized by a focus on classical techniques and subject matter, and often emphasized historical or mythological themes. Academic art was criticized by some artists and critics for its rigid conformity to traditional standards and lack of creative innovation, and was eventually challenged by newer movements such as Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.